Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Cowichan Valley

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	81,885	75,245	1,020	170
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	81,885	75,250	1,015	170
0 to 14 years	12,260	11,850	65	35
0 to 4 years	3,735	3,625	10	10
5 to 9 years	4,245	4,090	25	30
10 to 14 years	4,280	4,135	30	0
15 to 64 years	50,515	46,855	640	95
15 to 19 years	4,460	4,235	25	0
20 to 24 years	3,480	3,280	25	10
25 to 29 years	3,545	3,370	15	10
30 to 34 years	4,015	3,815	40	10
35 to 39 years	4,265	3,925	65	0
40 to 44 years	4,445	4,135	50	0
45 to 49 years	5,030	4,620	50	25
50 to 54 years	6,565	6,075	115	15
55 to 59 years	7,330	6,695	125	10
60 to 64 years	7,385	6,705	125	10
65 years and over	19,110	16,545	315	40
65 to 69 years	6,980	6,305	135	20
70 to 74 years	4,865	4,275	60	10
75 to 79 years	3,250	2,685	60	10
80 to 84 years	2,200	1,780	30	0
85 years and over	1,815	1,495	30	0
85 to 89 years	1,175	975	25	0
90 to 94 years	535	430	0	0
95 to 99 years	100	80	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0
Average age	45.3	44.5	53.6	41.7
Median age	49.5	48.2	57.4	48.3
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	69,625	63,400	955	135
Married or living common law	43,355	39,030	695	70
Married	34,820	31,000	550	50
Living common law	8,540	8,030	140	25
Not married and not living common law	26,270	24,370	260	65
Never married	14,820	14,075	110	35
Separated	2,150	1,995	30	0
Divorced	5,315	4,895	65	10
Widowed	3,980	3,400	55	15
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	69,625	63,400	955	130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,075	61,055	915	125
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,760	42,062	46,972	37,062
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,098	32,548	32,905	28,364
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,140	61,105	920	130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,477	35,667	39,490	32,552
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,036	29,335	29,738	28,364
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,585	54,220	820	100
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,439	39,966	43,856	36,840
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,961	29,723	27,238	27,795
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,980	45,255	645	105
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,022	8,861	10,803	10,256
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,359	8,135	11,353	9,285
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,670	43,005	635	90
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,340	37,770	41,655	33,492
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,108	27,681	26,967	27,784
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.9	84.4	83.7	76.5
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	62.2	63.3	60.7	62.6
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	16.1	15.6	16.1	24.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	69,625	63,395	955	135
Without total income	2,550	2,345	35	0
With total income	67,070	61,050	920	130
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.3	96.3	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,715	8,840	115	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	12,125	10,965	130	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	9,940	8,810	180	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	8,125	7,380	100	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	6,805	6,205	105	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	5,105	4,725	40	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	4,055	3,790	40	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	3,035	2,835	50	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	2,385	2,205	40	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	1,600	1,450	25	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	4,175	3,845	90	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 to $149,999	3,155	2,910	60	too unreliable to be published F
$150,000 and over	1,020	935	30	too unreliable to be published F
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	69,625	63,400	955	135
Without after-tax income	2,485	2,295	35	0
With after-tax income	67,140	61,105	915	130
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.4	95.8	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,170	9,240	135	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	12,830	11,580	140	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	11,550	10,330	190	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	9,210	8,360	125	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	7,375	6,770	85	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	5,340	5,010	45	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	3,690	3,430	70	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	2,735	2,480	40	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	4,240	3,900	90	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	1,505	1,390	10	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	975	905	20	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	1,760	1,605	55	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	69,625	63,395	950	130
Without employment income	22,955	20,390	320	40
With employment income	46,665	43,005	630	90
Percentage with employment income	67.0	67.8	66.3	69.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,885	8,895	155	too unreliable to be published F
$5,000 to $9,999	3,585	3,305	25	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	6,065	5,545	75	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	5,190	4,795	85	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	4,560	4,260	50	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	3,750	3,455	55	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	3,230	3,005	25	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	2,415	10	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	2,045	1,935	40	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	5,830	5,390	110	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	1,755	1,595	30	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	1,280	1,185	20	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	2,795	2,610	60	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	69,620	63,395	950	135
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	18,150	16,925	230	35
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	50,639	50,888	57,386	48,242
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	56,782	56,922	64,423	57,070
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	81,885	75,245	1,020	170
English only	76,700	71,715	95	65
French only	25	20	10	0
English and French	4,885	3,510	915	105
Neither English nor French	275	10	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	81,885	75,245	1,015	170
English	79,625	74,910	860	160
French	140	10	125	0
Non-official language	1,385	100	0	0
Aboriginal	45	20	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,345	80	0	0
English and French	45	20	20	0
English and non-official language	650	200	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	0	0	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	81,885	75,245	1,020	170
None	78,135	74,025	625	135
English	660	45	70	0
French	785	465	285	25
Non-official language	2,245	705	20	10
Aboriginal	375	240	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,870	465	20	15
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	10	20	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	81,880	75,245	1,015	170
English	80,590	75,230	95	165
French	940	20	920	0
English and French	80	0	0	10
Neither English nor French	270	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	980	15	920	0
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.2	0.0	90.6	0.0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	81,880	75,250	1,020	165
Official languages	81,605	75,240	1,020	170
English	81,585	75,220	1,015	170
French	4,910	3,530	925	105
Non-official languages	8,085	2,850	130	25
Aboriginal languages	755	460	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,335	2,395	125	25
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	81,880	75,250	1,020	170
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	9,660	9,110	110	35
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	9,490	8,960	105	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	7,320	6,925	15	0
Métis	2,105	1,980	95	25
Inuk (Inuit)	65	55	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	105	90	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	65	65	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	72,225	66,135	905	135
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	81,885	75,245	1,020	170
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	6,550	6,140	15	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	75,335	69,110	1,000	160
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	81,885	75,245	1,015	170
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	5,150	4,770	15	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	5,125	4,755	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	4,835	4,485	10	0
Métis single ancestry	270	255	15	0
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	20	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	5,385	5,170	130	35
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	5,055	4,840	125	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,230	3,110	65	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,770	1,680	60	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	50	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	335	325	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	320	315	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	15	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	71,345	65,305	870	125
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	81,880	75,245	1,020	170
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	79,255	73,750	990	170
Canadian citizens only	76,955	71,975	925	155
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,295	1,775	60	10
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	2,630	1,495	30	10
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	81,885	75,250	1,020	170
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	71,240	68,700	900	165
Immigrants^Footnote 44	10,290	6,420	115	0
Before 1981	6,520	4,275	50	10
1981 to 1990	1,000	635	10	0
1991 to 2000	810	460	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,195	760	30	0
2001 to 2005	485	310	30	0
2006 to 2010	710	445	0	0
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	765	285	20	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	350	130	0	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	10,290	6,420	115	10
Under 5 years	1,400	1,035	10	0
5 to 14 years	2,045	1,280	20	0
15 to 24 years	2,635	1,455	35	0
25 to 44 years	3,515	2,180	45	0
45 years and over	700	470	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	10,290	6,420	120	10
Americas	1,510	1,300	10	0
Brazil	20	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	0	0
Guyana	10	10	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0
Jamaica	35	35	0	0
Mexico	50	10	0	0
Peru	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	25	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	1,155	1,135	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	85	0	0
Europe	6,545	4,285	95	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	0	0
Croatia	40	10	0	0
France	90	20	70	0
Germany	710	110	10	0
Greece	35	20	0	0
Hungary	105	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	85	85	0	0
Italy	105	10	0	0
Netherlands	675	90	0	0
Poland	95	0	0	0
Portugal	45	0	0	0
Romania	50	10	0	0
Russian Federation	30	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	30	15	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	3,835	3,810	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	585	90	20	0
Africa	305	225	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	10	0	0
Kenya	40	35	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	160	110	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	60	10	0
Asia	1,610	325	10	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 53	195	75	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	45	15	0	0
India	475	55	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	35	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Japan	55	15	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	90	30	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	10	0	0
Philippines	335	70	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	55	0	0	0
Taiwan	45	0	0	0
Viet Nam	60	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	170	35	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	310	280	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	765	285	25	0
Americas	115	90	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	70	75	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	0	0
Europe	180	90	20	0
France	15	0	15	0
Germany	15	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	85	85	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	10	10	0
Africa	60	25	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	0	0
Asia	375	60	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	30	10	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	50	10	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	30	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	0	0	0
Philippines	135	25	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	45	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	30	15	0	0
Australia	15	15	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	15	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	81,885	75,245	1,020	170
First generation^Footnote 73	11,290	7,125	135	10
Second generation^Footnote 74	16,235	15,195	80	30
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	54,360	52,925	800	135
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	3,925	2,270	65	0
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	2,025	1,220	35	10
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	860	525	10	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	1,165	695	20	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	1,640	990	30	0
Refugees^Footnote 81	215	35	10	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	40	30	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	81,880	75,245	1,015	170
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	3,805	1,865	45	0
South Asian^Footnote 85	1,260	555	0	0
Chinese	660	335	0	0
Black	305	250	30	0
Filipino	475	195	0	0
Latin American	145	30	0	0
Arab	95	10	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	240	90	10	10
West Asian^Footnote 87	40	0	0	0
Korean	100	40	0	0
Japanese	265	185	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	85	75	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	140	95	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	78,075	73,380	970	160
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	81,885	75,250	1,015	170
North American Aboriginal origins	10,535	9,940	145	40
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,420	7,940	70	25
Inuit	90	85	0	0
Métis	2,380	2,265	80	25
Other North American origins	22,815	22,195	420	75
Acadian	70	55	20	0
American	1,750	1,695	15	10
Canadian	21,410	20,875	375	70
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	90	95	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0
Québécois	60	35	20	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	0	0	0
European origins	64,810	60,620	790	135
British Isles origins	50,200	49,740	205	100
Channel Islander	15	20	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0
English	33,550	33,305	115	60
Irish	15,870	15,730	90	25
Manx	60	60	0	0
Scottish	22,820	22,710	35	30
Welsh	3,105	3,095	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,630	2,575	10	10
French origins	8,530	7,680	695	80
Alsatian	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	8,525	7,680	695	75
Western European origins (except French origins)	17,225	15,230	100	40
Austrian	895	800	10	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	540	490	15	10
Dutch	5,205	4,415	15	0
Flemish	80	75	0	0
Frisian	30	20	0	0
German	11,595	10,470	40	20
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	530	455	15	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	15	15	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,550	8,185	0	0
Danish	1,600	1,470	0	0
Finnish	960	850	0	0
Icelandic	705	700	0	0
Norwegian	3,155	3,085	0	10
Swedish	2,660	2,585	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	360	360	0	0
Eastern European origins	9,405	8,615	45	30
Bulgarian	40	20	0	0
Byelorussian	55	55	0	0
Czech	400	295	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	255	230	0	0
Estonian	40	30	0	0
Hungarian	820	690	0	10
Latvian	125	105	0	0
Lithuanian	140	125	0	0
Moldovan	25	25	0	0
Polish	2,645	2,420	10	10
Romanian	425	370	0	0
Russian	1,620	1,530	10	0
Slovak	135	115	0	0
Ukrainian	4,200	4,050	20	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	55	50	10	0
Southern European origins	4,285	3,730	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	250	175	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	305	275	0	0
Italian	2,570	2,325	20	20
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0
Maltese	40	40	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	465	400	0	0
Serbian	75	50	0	0
Sicilian	35	35	0	0
Slovenian	35	30	0	0
Spanish	610	445	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	95	95	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	505	455	10	0
Basque	15	15	0	0
Jewish	240	225	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	30	35	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	225	200	0	0
Caribbean origins	265	210	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	20	0	0
Bermudan	25	25	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	20	0	0
Dominican	20	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	100	100	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	10	0	0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	35	20	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	20	15	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	475	300	25	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	35	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	40	30	0	0
Chilean	70	30	0	0
Colombian	15	10	0	0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	25	20	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0
Maya	25	10	0	0
Mexican	175	115	25	0
Nicaraguan	15	15	0	0
Panamanian	15	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	10	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	0
Salvadorean	35	20	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	20	15	0	0
African origins	505	410	40	0
Central and West African origins	35	25	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	10	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	10	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	10	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0
North African origins	60	35	10	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	10	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	10	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	205	165	10	0
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	40	35	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0
South African	145	115	15	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	25	25	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	200	180	15	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	35	25	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	170	150	15	0
Asian origins	3,790	2,035	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	320	180	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	15	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	75	25	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0
Israeli	20	15	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	95	85	0	0
Palestinian	10	10	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	10	0	0
Syrian	55	10	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	30	20	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	10	10	0	0
South Asian origins	1,375	695	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,220	585	0	0
Goan	25	30	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	15	0	0
Pakistani	55	50	0	0
Punjabi	50	10	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	10	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,075	1,150	15	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0
Chinese	850	485	0	0
Filipino	555	275	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	45	25	0	0
Japanese	330	250	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	95	45	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	50	35	0	0
Mongolian	20	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	0	0	0
Thai	90	30	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	165	55	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	25	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	35	25	0	0
Oceania origins	605	575	15	10
Australian	290	275	15	0
New Zealander	155	155	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	160	140	0	0
Fijian	25	10	0	0
Hawaiian	105	100	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0
Samoan	0	10	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	15	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	69,625	63,400	955	130
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,630	11,500	120	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	20,155	18,820	210	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,830	33,075	625	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,675	7,930	125	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	3,405	3,110	50	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	5,270	4,820	80	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,245	12,885	260	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,815	2,550	15	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,100	9,715	225	30
Bachelor's degree	6,890	6,165	135	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	995	845	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	350	0	0
Master's degree	2,455	2,050	70	0
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	365	305	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	69,625	63,400	955	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	32,790	30,320	330	55
Education	3,030	2,780	65	15
13. Education	3,030	2,785	65	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,180	1,070	25	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	190	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	985	880	25	0
Humanities	1,480	1,290	30	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	160	130	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	420	400	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	280	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	10	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	200	10	0
54. History	205	180	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	45	35	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,470	3,105	80	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	70	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	215	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	730	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	575	495	25	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	50	45	0	0
42. Psychology	660	615	15	0
45. Social sciences	1,085	940	35	0
Business, management and public administration	5,920	5,220	125	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	545	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,345	4,670	120	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,040	935	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	420	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	165	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	260	240	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	100	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	760	655	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	575	500	15	0
25. Library science	65	50	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	95	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,820	7,955	120	15
04. Architecture and related services	120	100	0	0
14. Engineering	855	710	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,405	1,220	20	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,515	2,315	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,555	2,375	45	0
48. Precision production	1,370	1,225	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,375	1,210	20	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	675	570	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	635	0	0
Health and related fields	6,980	6,285	110	15
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	345	310	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,530	5,875	105	15
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	100	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,760	2,560	35	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,675	1,560	15	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	10	0
43. Security and protective services	290	255	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	700	0	0
Other	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	69,625	63,395	950	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,790	30,320	325	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	36,830	33,075	625	75
Location of study inside Canada	32,550	30,165	565	70
Same as province or territory of residence	24,200	22,745	230	45
Different than province or territory of residence	8,350	7,420	335	20
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	4,290	2,910	60	0
United States^Footnote 132	1,150	1,030	10	10
Philippines	175	30	0	0
India	135	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	1,515	1,475	15	0
China^Footnote 134	50	0	0	0
France	25	0	15	0
Other	1,235	365	25	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	69,625	63,395	950	135
In the labour force	39,945	36,985	515	85
Employed	36,980	34,170	490	75
Unemployed	2,965	2,820	30	0
Not in the labour force	29,680	26,410	430	45
Participation rate	57.4	58.3	54.2	63.0
Employment rate	53.1	53.9	51.6	55.6
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.6	5.8	0.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	69,625	63,400	955	135
Did not work^Footnote 137	27,680	24,540	415	40
Worked	41,940	38,860	540	90
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	18,740	17,465	240	35
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	23,200	21,395	300	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.7	41.5	41.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	43,510	40,280	565	85
a.Management	4,735	4,330	60	10
00 Senior management occupations	380	370	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,165	1,090	15	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,815	1,610	35	10
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,375	1,260	10	0
b.Professional	5,810	5,305	115	20
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	845	760	20	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	905	820	20	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	795	720	0	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	510	460	15	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,240	1,130	35	15
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,040	985	15	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	475	440	10	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,635	4,305	55	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,465	1,375	25	10
32 Technical occupations in health	780	730	0	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,070	1,005	0	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	400	365	20	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	910	830	10	0
d.Administration and administrative support	4,905	4,575	65	10
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,940	1,810	15	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	580	555	0	0
14 Office support occupations	1,750	1,600	35	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	630	605	0	0
e.Sales	4,070	3,845	30	10
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	795	755	10	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,710	1,635	10	0
66 Sales support occupations	1,565	1,450	10	0
f.Personal and customer information services	8,390	7,635	125	20
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,005	905	10	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,115	985	20	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,590	1,415	25	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,840	1,720	25	10
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	2,840	2,615	45	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,615	4,325	60	10
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,095	2,900	40	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,520	1,420	30	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	2,990	2,865	15	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	620	585	0	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,670	1,620	10	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	700	665	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,855	1,740	25	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	555	525	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	540	490	10	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	765	730	20	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,505	1,355	15	10
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	320	290	0	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	545	480	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	190	170	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	450	420	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	43,510	40,280	565	85
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,175	2,015	15	10
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	1,025	940	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	745	700	10	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	165	155	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	240	215	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	385	375	10	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	140	135	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	80	75	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	165	165	0	0
22 Utilities	230	210	0	10
221 Utilities	225	205	0	0
23 Construction	4,160	3,940	35	10
236 Construction of buildings	1,320	1,255	0	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	405	380	10	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,430	2,305	20	10
31-33 Manufacturing	3,225	2,955	45	0
311 Food manufacturing	365	335	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	80	70	10	0
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	10	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	15	15	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	705	625	15	0
322 Paper manufacturing	780	730	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	65	60	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	25	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	45	35	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	40	40	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	150	145	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	30	30	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	180	155	10	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	215	200	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	65	60	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	20	15	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	210	200	10	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	125	115	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	110	105	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	925	855	10	0
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	10	10	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	20	20	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	155	155	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	80	65	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	65	60	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	215	205	10	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	210	185	10	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	140	125	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	30	20	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,515	5,145	55	10
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	660	610	15	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	130	115	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	205	190	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	440	415	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,730	1,625	10	10
446 Health and personal care stores	460	430	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	275	255	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	335	320	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	195	180	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	525	480	0	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	385	370	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	175	155	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,575	1,490	15	0
481 Air transportation	120	110	0	0
482 Rail transportation	10	10	0	0
483 Water transportation	225	215	0	0
484 Truck transportation	430	415	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	170	150	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	15	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	360	345	0	0
491 Postal service	140	135	10	0
492 Couriers and messengers	70	70	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	30	25	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	545	500	10	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	160	155	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	65	70	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	30	20	0	0
517 Telecommunications	205	180	10	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	0	10	0	0
519 Other information services	75	70	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,160	1,120	15	0
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	640	610	10	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	110	110	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	400	385	10	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	15	15	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	720	665	10	0
531 Real estate	615	565	0	0
532 Rental and leasing services	105	95	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,500	2,300	35	0
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,500	2,305	40	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	55	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	55	55	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,130	1,940	50	0
561 Administrative and support services	1,980	1,805	40	0
562 Waste management and remediation services	150	135	10	0
61 Educational services	3,080	2,855	50	25
611 Educational services	3,085	2,855	50	25
62 Health care and social assistance	5,450	4,995	55	0
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,335	2,130	30	10
622 Hospitals	1,130	1,030	0	0
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	940	870	10	0
624 Social assistance	1,055	960	10	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,055	990	10	10
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	370	340	10	0
712 Heritage institutions	95	95	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	585	555	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,475	3,105	65	10
721 Accommodation services	670	575	25	10
722 Food services and drinking places	2,810	2,525	40	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,175	2,035	20	10
811 Repair and maintenance	710	680	0	0
812 Personal and laundry services	800	750	0	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	445	410	10	0
814 Private households	225	190	0	0
91 Public administration	2,960	2,720	80	0
911 Federal government public administration	1,190	1,080	70	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	755	705	0	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	735	680	10	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	265	245	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	15	15	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	36,980	34,170	490	80
Worked at home	3,915	3,535	80	0
Worked outside Canada	115	105	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,980	5,630	50	0
Worked at usual place	26,970	24,900	355	70
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	43,505	40,275	565	90
English	43,250	40,195	510	80
French	70	25	40	0
Non-official language	70	10	0	0
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	55	0	0	0
English and French	35	20	10	10
English and non-official language	70	20	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	0	10	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	43,505	40,275	565	90
None	42,710	39,830	455	85
English	110	35	40	0
French	250	170	65	0
Non-official language	395	215	0	0
Aboriginal	145	90	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	250	125	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	25	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	26,970	24,900	355	70
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,810	7,140	105	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,745	10,875	115	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,085	6,585	120	15
Commute to a different province or territory	330	300	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	32,950	30,535	405	75
Car, truck, van - as a driver	27,545	25,580	345	55
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,955	1,805	10	10
Public transit	630	585	0	0
Walked	1,775	1,635	10	0
Bicycle	355	305	20	10
Other method	690	625	20	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	32,950	30,535	405	75
Less than 15 minutes	11,400	10,480	145	35
15 to 29 minutes	10,315	9,525	115	15
30 to 44 minutes	5,035	4,730	55	10
45 to 59 minutes	2,545	2,405	50	10
60 minutes and over	3,655	3,395	50	10
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	32,950	30,535	410	75
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,570	2,335	35	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,345	5,960	60	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,630	8,025	130	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,900	6,365	70	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,465	3,180	45	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,030	4,665	60	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	81,215	74,595	1,015	170
Non-movers	70,350	64,700	840	165
Movers	10,865	9,895	180	10
Non-migrants	4,395	4,080	50	0
Migrants	6,470	5,810	130	10
Internal migrants	6,095	5,640	130	10
Intraprovincial migrants	4,775	4,440	85	0
Interprovincial migrants	1,320	1,210	45	0
External migrants	375	170	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	78,150	71,620	1,005	165
Non-movers	48,820	44,770	560	115
Movers	29,325	26,850	445	55
Non-migrants	11,965	11,300	135	15
Migrants	17,365	15,550	305	35
Internal migrants	16,225	15,025	275	40
Intraprovincial migrants	12,500	11,645	155	35
Interprovincial migrants	3,725	3,375	120	10
External migrants	1,140	525	35	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Cowichan Valley

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.